tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15943085740812549992024-02-06T18:45:03.204-08:00Southern African PoliticsAn African American in South Africa --diaspora musing.Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-1846464052589809362011-10-15T11:54:00.000-07:002011-10-15T11:54:17.718-07:00Anti-Corruption Prescriptions don’t Provide Cures<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaf3cPPiLrskWI0XS-hPIz0btJ1FTseez7ptIXnmV78aCCL8XIM1OCUJORq5IK7oD3dJjgt5FSJN3ovLeV4iJqc6WjGGtE45QQBt2ibAoK_yPZKgyMfNoCSkrgRC2XHi-BPZOwhux3j0A/s1600/Zapiro_Corruption+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaf3cPPiLrskWI0XS-hPIz0btJ1FTseez7ptIXnmV78aCCL8XIM1OCUJORq5IK7oD3dJjgt5FSJN3ovLeV4iJqc6WjGGtE45QQBt2ibAoK_yPZKgyMfNoCSkrgRC2XHi-BPZOwhux3j0A/s320/Zapiro_Corruption+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h1 style="margin: 24pt 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: #365f91; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Hits were it already hurts</span></h1>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">If you read an earlier blog you saw where I mentioned the enormity of
corruption in Africa. As African Americans we must wrap our collective brain
around this problem. Government corruption is a ubiquitous, global scourge;
however, it hurts developing countries the most.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here are statistics on corruption in Africa from </span><a href="http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2007/nis_africa#intro"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Transparency
International</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">According
to the African Union, Corruption in Africa is costing the continent nearly <b>US
$150 billion a year</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Corruption<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>increases the cost of goods by as much as 20 percent <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The African Union (AU) estimates that <b>resources
diverted by corrupt acts</b> and resources withheld or deterred due to the
existence of corruption, are thought to <b>represent as much as 25 percent of
the continent’s total Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</b>. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Research findings by the </span><a href="http://www.afdb.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">African Development Bank</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
indicate that <b>corruption leads to a loss of approximately 50 percent of tax
revenue</b>, which in some instances is a greater amount than a country's total
foreign debt. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b>What is more, the impact of corruption is
felt most by the poor</b>. Lower income households spend an average 2-3 percent
of their income on bribes, while rich </span></div>
<br />
<h1 style="margin: 24pt 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: #365f91; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Anti corruption legislation, anti corruption agencies, anti corruption commissions….
much to do about nothing </span></h1>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I’m learning that one must
contextualize corruption. Each region, country, city, town and village has its
commonalites and differences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an
extremely complex problem and like the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Baobab
tree's<b> </b>roots </span>extends into a society’s social, political,
economic, cultural, class, colonial legacy, and ethnic components. In many
countries corruption is a way of life. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Virtually all governments make big headlines when setting up
anti-corruption programs, passing anti corruption legislation, or commissioning
independent anti corruption agencies (ACAs). </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/4739ca00488837b596e2d689c4bc5d7b/Zambian-president-fires-anti-corruption-chief-20111001"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Zambian
President Fires Anti-Corruption Chief</span></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.accnamibia.org/index.php?module=News&func=display&sid=38"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">BOTSWANA’S
CORRUPTION BUSTER SEEKS AUTONOMY</span></span></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://wireupdate.com/wires/19854/zimbabwe-establishes-anti-corruption-commission/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Zimbabwe
establishes anti-corruption commission</span></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">South Africa’s version:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/souparties3.htm"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of
Democracy in Africa: South Africa: Code of conduct</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.ethicsa.org/index.php"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Ethics Institute of South
Africa</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.sars.gov.za/home.asp?pid=3005"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Ethics
and Code of Conduct for South African Revenue Service</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.pmg.org.za/node/17035"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Parliamentary Monitoring Group </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CODE
OF CONDUCT FOR ASSEMBLY AND PERMANENT COUNCIL MEMBERS</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.saps.gov.za/saps_profile/code_of_conduct/code_of_conduct.htm"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">South African Police Services
Department of Police Code of Conduct</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.parliament.gov.za/live/content.php?Category_ID=83"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Parliament of the Republic of South
Africa Code of Conduct </span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://aceproject.org/ero-en/topics/electoral-systems/southafricaconduct"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">The Electoral Knowledge Network
Code of Conduct</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">However, it appears that all of this 'much to do about nothing.' The records on the
successes of legislation, government initiatives and Anti-Corruption agencies
(ACAs) are dubious at best. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The anti corruption story
line usually take on the following modus operandi: First, there is the initial, very public,
launch of the anti-corruption initiative. Speeches are made, news pictures are
taken and published, and political commitments are given usually by the
president or another leading government figure. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“We the (you fill
in the blank) government are determined to root out the scourge of corruption and
the (you fill in the blank) anti-corruption commission is responsible for
eliminating corruption from our glorious country.”</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">After the initial PR splash, and
a brief honeymoon, research shows that these initiatives are often severely
criticized and left twisting in the wind. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2005, a United Nations report concluded,</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Several countries
have opted for or are currently considering creating an independent commission
or agency charged with the overall responsibility of combating corruption.
However, the creation of such an institution is not a panacea to the scourge of
corruption. There are actually very few examples of successful independent
anticorruption commissions/agencies. (UNDP 2005, 5)</span></div>
<br />
<h1 style="margin: 24pt 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: #365f91; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Mission Impossible</span></h1>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Government anti-corruption
structures and independent ACAs are almost always given vague, “mission impossible”
charges. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are expected to be fiercely
independent, develop specialized enforcement competences along with preventive
and educational/research capacities and assume a leading role in implementing national
anti-corruption strategies. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Weak,
politicized and corrupt judiciaries block anti-corruption efforts and there is
low accountability for public resources. In order to tackle corruption
effectively, political commitment, adequate resources, technical skills, legal
frameworks and action across borders are required.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">More specifically, the report “</span><a href="http://www.u4.no/document/publication.cfm?4171=how-to-monitor-and-evaluate-anti-corruption"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">How
to monitor and evaluate anti-corruption agencies</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,” does an analysis of
corruption trends across the region: </span></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Although
new anti-corruption legislation has been introduced, implementation is
slow and resources are limited. While many countries have introduced new
codes of conduct for top leaders, corresponding regulations were not
approved until much later.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Multi-party
democracy has opened new opportunities for corruption, but the pressure
for political finance regulation has also grown. There is a link between
increasing political competition in the region and political corruption.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Judiciaries
are undermined by executive influence and bribery. Changing political
circumstances have undermined some judiciaries, most notably in Zimbabwe
and the DRC. In Mozambique, the judiciary is considered the weakest
integrity mechanism.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">While
many new laws and regulations have been introduced to reform public
procurement boards, political interests represent a powerful barrier to
effective reform. Procurement boards need true independence and effective
integrity rules.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">“Our
hope for the future depends on our resolution as a nation in dealing with the
scourge of corruption. Success will require an acceptance that, in many
respects, we are a sick society. It is perfectly correct to assert that all
this was spawned by apartheid. No amount of self-induced amnesia will change
the reality of history. But it is also a reality of the present that among the
new cadres in various levels of government you will find individuals who are as
corrupt as – if not more than – those they found in government. When a leader
in a provincial legislation siphons off resources meant to fund service by
legislators to the people; when employees of a government institution set up to
help empower those who were excluded by apartheid defraud it for their own
enrichment, then we must admit that we have a sick society. This problem
manifests itself in all areas of life”.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">-President
Nelson Mandela opening address to Parliament in 1999:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<h1 style="margin: 24pt 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: #365f91; font-family: Cambria; font-size: large;">Difference between a Code of Ethics and a code of conduct</span></h1>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Code of Ethics contains the ethical standards to which an organization
commits itself, both as an organization and in respect of individual conduct by
members of the organization. A Code of Ethics has two components combined in
one document:</span></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A
brief values statement “A short, aspirational document listing and
defining a organization” core ethical values, ideals or principles; and </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A code
of conduct “A longer, enforceable, compliance-oriented, operational document
setting out policies, procedures and rules regarding best practices
relating to daily operational issues affecting the organization. </span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A code of conduct provides illustrations of how values
(contained in the values statement) translate into concrete decisions and
actions, rather than a full or comprehensive catalogue of rules or
prescriptions. It is not a comprehensive manual of applicable laws and legal
regulations, but, where appropriate, it refers to such more technical or
comprehensive documents for guidance.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br /></div>Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-14033706313365979942011-10-10T21:47:00.000-07:002011-10-11T07:12:51.964-07:00The Dalai Lama, Bishop Tutu, China, Two Step Shuffle, or “If you dance to the music, you got to pay it to the piper.”<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Jon Herskovitz <span class="location">JOHANNESBURG</span> | <span class="timestamp">Mon Oct 10,
2011 9:54pm IST</span></span> <br />
<div id="articleInfo">
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<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
</h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Unless you have been in a political
black hole, you know the real reason the Dalai Lama did not make a personal appearance at Bishop
Tutu’s 80<sup>th</sup> birthday bash in Cape Town….the China Fear Factor! The
South African government did a simple cost/benefit analysis and subsequently became
the 'party pooper' and dis-invited the Dalai Lama as a guest. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Actually Zuma’s government has very
good reason to fear China’s wrath according to two German economist, Andrea Fuchs and Nils-Hendrik Klann in their
paper <a href="http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-07-chinas-big-economic-stick/">“Paying
a Visit: The Dalai Lama Effect on International Trade.”</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">"Meetings
of a head of state or head of government with the Dalai Lama lead to a
reduction of exports to China by 8.1% or 16.9% on average, depending on the
estimation technique used."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">According to the researchers, governments across
the globe have felt China’s economic sting after meeting with the Dalai Lama:</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Economic and
diplomatic relations between China and France began deteriorating after
President Nicholas Sarkozy met the Dalai Lama in spite of threats from Chinese
authorities should they do so. France was crossed off the travel agenda of two
Chinese trade delegations in 2009. In the same year, Chinese Prime Minister Wen
Jiabao did not pay a state visit to France during his trip to Europe.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;">The United States
suffered the wrath of the Chinese after President Barack Obama met the Dalai
Lama. The move soured relations with China, which undermined the US's recovery
from the current economic crisis.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;">Recent meetings
between the Dalai Lama and leaders in Mexico, the United Kingdom, Italy,
Mongolia and Germany had also damaged relations with the Asian giant.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">China’s African Strategy “to build a continent”</span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The Dalai Lama incident is an example of China’s goal of building
an Africa in China’s image and the “One China” policy is central to that image.
One<b style="color: blue;"> <a href="http://www.iol.co.za/business/international/sub-saharan-africa-growth-92-correlated-to-china-1.1130306">report</a></b> said Africa's 5.7% GDP growth last year is largely credited to
China. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In 2007 China founded the China-Africa Development Fund (CADF),
with an initial investment of $1 billion, to establish three to five trade and
economic cooperation zones. Partnering with CADF is China's large state-owned
enterprises (SOEs). These economic structures are “interested in sectors such
as energy, transportation, information and telecommunications, infrastructure,
mining, agriculture and manufacturing.” </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The trade volume between China and 53 countries in Africa reached
$106.8 billion in 2008, exceeding $100 billion for the first time. Currently,
there are over 1000 Chinese enterprises approved or filed with the Ministry of
Commerce operating in Africa. As of May of 2011 <span class="articlebody">more
than a<span style="color: blue;"> </span><b><a href="http://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-06-chinese-wooing-in-africa-boom-without-democracy" style="color: blue;">million Chinese</a></b> experts and skilled workers are on the ground in Africa.</span></span><span class="articlebody" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The <b><a href="http://www.chinastakes.com/2009/9/china-expands-investment-in-south-africa-and-the-whole-continent.html" style="color: blue;">Ministry of Commerce</a></b> says that African countries lack building
funds due to the financial crisis, so the cost advantage of Chinese enterprises
has become prominent. In the first six months of 2009, new labor contracts
signed by Chinese enterprises in Africa reached $ 22.45 billion, and the
completed turnover totaled $11.53 billion, up 25% and 61.1%, respectively.
"Since the founding of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum, China-Africa
trade has contributed 20% to African economic growth." </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">South Africa a special "buddy pass"</span> </h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">"South Africa is increasingly becoming China’s
investment focus and China wants to diversify its investments in South Africa
to other sectors of the economy such as information technology, biotechnology,
human resources and other industry services," China Industrial Overseas
Development and Planning (CIODP) Vice <b><a href="http://www.bilaterals.org/spip.php?article19535" style="color: blue;">President and Secretary General FanChunyong </a></b>said at the China and SADC Investment Conference held at Sinosteel
Plaza in Johannesburg.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""></a></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">President Zuma visited China for the first time in
August last year, accompanied by a 300-strong business delegation, and signed a
comprehensive strategic partnership with the country that would result in more
than R100-billion invested in South Africa over five years to support projects
in culture, education, media, health, tourism and financial services.</span><span class="articlebody" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="articlebody" style="font-size: small;">China has edged out the US and Japan in recent years to become
South Africa's biggest trade partner. The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
acquired a 20% stake in Standard Bank in 2007.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Last week, Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe raised more than R20-billion of investment
during his visit to Beijing as part of the partnership. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">China rewarded the Zuma government with membership
in the BRICS grouping of major emerging economies that also includes Brazil,
Russia and India. South Africa, with a GDP less than a quarter
the size of the smallest BRIC economy, Russia, has hoped accession to the group
would increase it trade and prestige. (However,
South Africa’s membership has not paid dividends. All major BRIC-related
investment funds have excluded South African shares from their portfolios.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">One
anonymous South Africa government was very clear, "in this saga, we had to
put our national interests first," said a government source. "We have
a lot invested in China and support the one-China policy. Are we prepared to
compromise that by taking an unprincipled action and supporting Tibet's
secession from China? No."</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">China’s ‘hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil’ foreign policy</span> </h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFit0zilmwD1-g4TjRzMH2B22iWEg85T3FfnXR3NfT9jID0RZw7boag9M1SmOe2HbfLypfOXL8M9uTXQT2MjrSVfHGhhNE-krWSuKgzgSroWgEXanIE8deEgG89K-U3bG1DAc8pEHEtqQ/s1600/China-Africa-Trade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFit0zilmwD1-g4TjRzMH2B22iWEg85T3FfnXR3NfT9jID0RZw7boag9M1SmOe2HbfLypfOXL8M9uTXQT2MjrSVfHGhhNE-krWSuKgzgSroWgEXanIE8deEgG89K-U3bG1DAc8pEHEtqQ/s400/China-Africa-Trade.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
</h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The strategic charm
of Chinese money is that it is unobstructed, there is no precondition on
economic performance, and they do not interfere with the type of governance in
the state, be it a democracy or a Pariah state.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">China’s interests
as pure and simple, they see oil, minerals, and markets for Chinese manufactured
goods. They take a play out of the Cold War play book, “…no permanent friends
only permanent interest.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">China to the Rescue, West is the true villain</span> </h2>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">According to the Chinese, Western countries are at the root of
most of the problems that African countries face today. They colonized or
subjugated the countries, exploited their resources and manpower and left the
people to suffer the pangs of abject poverty. Such was the level of
exploitation that even after winning independence most of the African countries
could not reconstruct their economies.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">“The story doesn't end there. African nations are still denied
their right to be represented and heard at international forums. The North
always talks about strengthening North-South dialogue because that would be to
the benefit of Western powers. The West rarely talks about South-South
cooperation because that would mean a consolidation of developing countries,
which China is. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">China cooperates with Africa not only because of its resources
because it will never exploit another country. Instead, China's aim is to help
African countries' realize economic development.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">We will look at China and Zambia after the Sata win. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
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<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""></a></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-45067888461186482452011-10-07T07:59:00.000-07:002011-10-07T07:59:37.388-07:00Corruption is like a door knob…everyone gets a turn!<br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2vWKEu7LudsPxydN3wIwO2m_BUe1zLL0fbGcr_V-ZcG3SOaD8dFLMKHvuV_WwYsmAdfq1ev11rTPmnyDsgpncxA13KQi4BK80nuQKFkhflwJjg1UCL9YCqDMyp4dDVtKK_r53nREOhHY/s1600/African_Corruption_cartoon_-_Kopia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2vWKEu7LudsPxydN3wIwO2m_BUe1zLL0fbGcr_V-ZcG3SOaD8dFLMKHvuV_WwYsmAdfq1ev11rTPmnyDsgpncxA13KQi4BK80nuQKFkhflwJjg1UCL9YCqDMyp4dDVtKK_r53nREOhHY/s320/African_Corruption_cartoon_-_Kopia.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
In South Africa while sitting at
dinner or drinking tea with friends, to help with my acculturation, almost all of
my associates tell me stories about their personal encounters with South African
corruption, e.g., they were stopped by the police for running a stop sign that
didn’t exist; they paid a bureaucrat to facilitate an application for a government
contract; they were shaken down by an illegitimate taxi service. The stories go
well into the night. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>An American point of reference would be
Richard “The Boss” Dailey’s Chicago.( I too have had my own encounters with corruption. One was
very serious involving a threat to my life, guns and police! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">That's another story for another time)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Political Corruption in Developing Countries</span></h2>
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Political corruption in government is a ubiquitous global plague. For example, in my native land, the
United States, former House Republican majority whip Tom DeLay was convicted
and sentenced for money laundering and conspiracy to commit money laundering.
DeLay’s defense was: “What’s the big deal? Everybody does this stuff.”<br />
<br />
However, I would argue that political corruption in developing countries is
more injurious. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It undermines fledgling
democracies and promotes all forms of authoritarian regimes, e.g.,
dictatorships, oligarchies, military juntas, kleptocracies, kratocracies, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, political corruption makes the
bed for other criminal enterprises, i.e., drug trafficking, prostitution, money
laundering, and human trafficking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Developing countries are trying to stand on their fragile political,
economic and social feet, political corruption knock the legs out from under
them. Honesty, integrity and formal procedures are critical to the
functionality of every branch of a country’s government. Corruption in
elections and in legislative bodies reduces accountability and distorts representation
in policymaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A corrupt judiciary
compromises the rule of law, at the very least, or worse, unleashes criminal
predators onto the innocent. Corruption in the executive branch results in the
inefficient provision of services exacerbating poverty. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Constitutions and statutory laws determine what constitutes legal,
illegal and corrupt activities in each country. A contribution to a judge running
for office can be legal or illegal depending on the laws of the country/
jurisdiction being examined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, for
our purposes political corruption is <span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">an illegal act by a public office holder when the act is directly
related to their official duties. These acts include, but are not limited to,</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span>bribery, fraud, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft,
and embezzlement. These types of activities are more or less universally
accepted as corrupt. <a href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/index.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">United Nations Convention Against Corruption</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="Heading1Char"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Political
Corruption is a Colonial legacy…But</span></span>!</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
Colonial powers “extracted” valuable resources from the peripheral
colonies to the European center. The colonial state laid the foundation to many
current corrupt infrastructures in developing countries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BUT</b>,
that was then, this is now! Maintaining a corrupt society falls on current
government actors, be they actively or passively involved in political
corruption. Current elite dominated governments are extracting public resources for private gain. Bishop Tutu called on
members of President Jacob Zuma’s cabinet to sell their “expensive cars”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The power elite, or Politically Exposed Persons
(PEPs), as the <a href="http://www.fatf-gafi.org/">Financial Action Task Force</a>
labels them, are at an advantage when it comes to corrupt and illegal activities. First, they are part of regimes that give them access to “intermediaries,” or cronies, advising them on efficient and
effective ways to engage in corruption. Second, they, in general, control
institutions in their own country, that facilitates access to financial
markets and allows them to block attempts to investigate stolen assets. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: large;">“2010 Corruption Perceptions Index” SADC countries </span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">Rank<span> </span>Country<span> </span>Score</span></h2>
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168</div>
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Angola</div>
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1.9</div>
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33</div>
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Botswana </div>
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5.8</div>
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164</div>
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Democratic Republic of Congo</div>
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2.0</div>
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78</div>
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Lesotho</div>
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3.5</div>
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123</div>
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Madagascar</div>
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2.6</div>
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85</div>
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Malawi</div>
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3.4</div>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
39</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Mauritius</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.4</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
116</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Mozambique</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.7</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
56</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Namibia</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.4</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
49</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Seychelles </div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.8</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
54</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
South Africa</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
101</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Zambia </div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
3.0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
134</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Zimbabwe</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.4</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Source: <a href="http://www.transparency.org/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transparency International</span></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: large;">Samples of Corruption: Headlines in SA</span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
First, let me preference the use
of headlines from South African national newspapers for samples of the
proliferation of corruption here. I am intrigued by the amount of print
corruption stories get in the national press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But, as we know, newspapers are in the business to sale papers and as
the saying goes, “dog bites man, no story, man bites dog, a story!” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the future we will have discussions on
politics and the media. Nevertheless, the following are headlines for the
national press here in South Africa and <a href="http://www.ipocafrica.org/">Information
Portal on Corruption and Governance in Africa</a>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.ipocafrica.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=930:sa-ag-gives-public-works-a-disclaimer--report&catid=35:corruption-news&Itemid=82" style="color: blue;"><b>SA:
AG gives Public Works a disclaimer – report</b></a><b> </b>Tuesday, 04 October
2011 00:00 Written by Polity org.za. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Public Works Minister Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde's
department has been given a disclaimer, one of the worst audit reports
possible, according to a report on Tuesday.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.ipocafrica.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=927:arms-deal-inquiry-would-benefit-sa&catid=35:corruption-news&Itemid=82" style="color: blue;"><b>‘Arms
deal inquiry would benefit SA’</b></a><b> </b>Friday, 30 September 2011 00:00 Written
by IOL News. Public Protector Thuli Madonsela has suggested that President
Jacob Zuma’s planned omission of inquiry into the arms deal will present an
ideal opportunity for the government to learn some lessons about conducting
business on a large scale without corruption taking place.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.ipocafrica.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=922:sa-tender-irregularities-found-in-public-works-department&catid=35:corruption-news&Itemid=82" style="color: blue;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SA: Tender irregularities found in Public
Works Department</b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">,</b> <span class="created">Monday, 19 September 2011 00:00 </span><span class="author">Written
by Polity org.za. </span>Tender irregularities of about R3-billion were
uncovered in a probe into the Public Works Department, Minister Gwen
Mahlangu-Nkabinde said on Monday. "We know of more than 40 cases where
tenders were awarded improperly, where procedures were not followed and
dishonesty took place," said the Public Works Minister in a statement.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/10/02/spy-boss-quits-with-a-golden-handshake"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: blue;">Spy boss
quits with a golden handshake</span>,</span></b></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">CAIPHUS
KGOSANA | 02 October, 2011 00:57,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Embattled
intelligence boss Gibson Njenje has quietly left the agency after accepting a
settlement that will result in him being paid out for the remaining three years
of his contract.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/10/02/staff-accuse-minister-as-works-showdown-looms" style="color: blue;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Staff accuse minister as works showdown looms</span></b></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, SIBUSISO
NGALWA and MOIPONE MALEFANE A showdown is also looming in parliament where
Mahlangu-Nkabinde, national police commissioner General Bheki Cele and public
protector Thuli Madonsela will appear before a joint portfolio committee
meeting on October 10 to deal with Madonsela's reports into the R2-billion SA
Police Service lease deals.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/10/02/state-sued-over-land-deal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: blue;">State sued over land deal</span>,</span></b></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ROB ROSE,
STEPHAN HOFSTATTER and MZILIKAZI WA AFRIKA | 02 October, 2011 00:57. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">The land reform case will be played out in the High Court in Pretoria
tomorrow.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">PG Bison, owned by JSE-listed furniture
multinational Steinhoff, is accused of trying to bribe key government officials
to ensure they won the deal.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">They are
accused of bribing the head of land reform in the Eastern Cape to ensure that a
deal signed between the Maluti consortium, who have lodged the application, and
Mondi did not go through.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Maluti thought they had bought 76000ha of prime timber forests for
R200-million, with the bulk of it coming from government.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://thestar.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx" style="color: blue;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Top Cop’s Plot to
Kill Lover’s Husband</span></b></a><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">, </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">South
Africa’s police crime intelligence boss allegedly refused to be spurned by his
ex-lover </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The next installment will be my suggestions for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Solutions to Corruption. </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A variety of sources are available to define and classify
corruption, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/index.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">United Nations Convention against Corruption</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span><a href="http://www.nacf.org.za/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">National Anti-Corruption Forum</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span><a href="http://www.u4.no/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Anti-Corruption Resource Center</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span><a href="http://www.transparency.org/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Transparency International</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span><a href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/index.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Convention Against Corruption</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> Since
1995, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> (TI)
publishes the <b>Corruption Perceptions Index</b> (<b>CPI</b>) annually ranking
countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by
expert assessments and opinion surveys."The CPI generally defines
corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit." As of
2010, the CPI ranks 178 countries "on a scale from 10 (very clean) to 0
(highly corrupt)." </div>
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Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-15788609543608987732011-10-01T03:27:00.000-07:002011-10-02T22:52:49.964-07:00Zambian Election Results: And the winner is….. democracy in Sub Sahara Africa!<br />
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
</h1>
<h1>
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
</h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Part one of two part series. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">As an African American I am proud of
the Zambian elections; democracy at work in Sub Sahara Africa. With Africa receiving so much negative American
press these days, this is great news: </span></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">An
incumbent lost and freely turned over power </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Most
independent observes declare free and fair election procedures</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
country was relatively free of election violence </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Unfortunately African American
knowledge of Zambia is abysmal. Quick,
what countries border Zambia? Better yet where is Zambia? Anyway do your research.</span></div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">“ba
King Cobra” new President</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">As of 12 am September 23 (local time) Zambia
elected a new president, 74 years old
Mr. Michael “ba King Cobra” Sata of the Patriotic Front (PF). The name King
Cobra comes from Sata’s legendary sharp tongue. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mr. Sata won with 1,150,045 or 43% of
the votes casted. The loser President Rupiah Banda of the ruling Movement for
Multiparty Democracy (MMD) won 961,796, or 36.1% of votes casted. Sata’s PF benefitted from the registration of
1,279,181 new voters, many of them young (out of a total electorate of
5,223,316), and a high turnout (around 60% or above) in Lusaka, Central,
Northern, Luapula Provinces and on the Copper belt, Sata’s traditional urban
and ethnic strongholds, whose electorate dominate those of the remaining five
provinces in sheer weight of numbers. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Banda's party -- of which Sata had been a member until a 2001 leadership
dispute -- had been in power for two decades. This is the third time in post
colonial Zambia power has been handed over from one party to another. The first was Kenneth Kaunda assuming power
from colonial rule in 1964. T</span>he second time was in 1991, Kaunda (UNIP) to Chiluba
(MMD) and the third time is now Banda (MMD) to Sata (PF). Africa needs to study
this success! <span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Parliament,
Minor Parties and Women</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Zambia is a multiparty republic with a
unicameral legislature. The final
parliamentary results were announced on Sunday 25th of September. Of 148
contested seats, the PF won 60 (40.1%), with the MMD a close second with 55
(37.2%), leaving the United Party for National Development (UPND) trailing with
28. Of the remaining 5 seats, three were taken by independents, and one apiece
went to the Forum for Democracy and Development (FDD) and the Alliance for
Democracy and Development (ADD). 11% of MPs will be women, somewhat below the
average of around 15% in sub-Saharan Africa generally and vastly below Rwanda’s
level of female representation in parliament, currently at over 50%. </span></div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Minimal
Scattered Violence</span> </h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">There were some violent protests
reported in north-central Zambia Thursday as the county awaited final results in
a tight presidential race. Police say
demonstrators stoned cars and buildings in the cities of Kitwe and Ndola and
set fire to a market in Kitwe. Some disturbances by Zambian youth were
recorded in Lusaka, Ndola, Nakonde and Mufulira after the Electoral Commission
of Zambia (ECZ) delayed announcing election results.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">However, this is quite different from
the 2008 special elections when Sata lost and riots broke out for days in the
capital Lusaka, Sata’s </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">stronghold. At the time, true to his Cobra tongue, Sata
said the government had "robbed" him of victory by "stealing
votes" from under the noses of "timid and toothless" election
observers from the European Union. </span></div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Copper,
Chinese, Corruption</span> </h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Cooper has had an “extraordinary
dominance" in the Zambian economy. Many
developing countries depend heavily on a few primary products for export as
their means of earning foreign exchange.
Zambia, however, is an extreme case of over dependence on the production
and export of a single product; copper.
Zambia is also characterized by an urban community shaped by the requirements
of the copper industry and the growth of its labor force. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">This year’s elections came up against
the backdrop of Zambia being re-classified as a middle income country in July
this year and economic growth rates averaging 6.4% over the past five years
(World Bank). Zambia, Africa’s top copper producer, has been predicted to
become the world’s fifth largest copper-miner by 2015. (Bloomberg)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">China has invested an estimated $6.1
billion (4.3 billion Euros) into the southern African nation since 2007,
equivalent to more than one third of gross domestic product last year. In 2010,
China trade with Zambia nearly doubled to reach $2.5 billion. However, 19
people died in two incidents last year when Chinese managers at coal and copper
mines shot workers involved in labor and wage disputes. In fact, China’s labor and
human rights violation in Zambian’s copper industry is notorious:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
April 2005, 52 Zambian workers died in a factory explosion, which has been
blamed on China’s Nonferrous Metal Industry’s (NFC) poor safety standards and
lack of accountability. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a>
The accident occurred at the Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy (BGRIMM), a joint venture between NFC and the Chinese government. The
mine workers were trapped in the manufacturing plant when the explosion
occurred. None of the Chinese staff employed at the plant were injured.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
July 2006, four NFC mine workers were shot and wounded by the company’s Chinese
management in combination with police while protesting a wage dispute. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
2007, police shot and killed five miners during violent protests over the
working conditions at the Chambishi Mine. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
March 2008, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reported on the dismissal
of five hundred mine workers from Chambishi. While negotiating for pay
increases and better safety conditions, the workers clashed with Chinese
foremen, and mine workers assaulted a Chinese manager.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Therefore copper politics dominated
the elections. The incumbent President Banda campaigned on a record of several
years of strong economic growth in copper-rich Zambia, which has benefited from
a boom in global commodity prices. On the other hand, Sata's Patriotic Front
accused Mr. Banda government of failure to protect Zambian citizens’ right to
life and to prevent workers’ abuses by allowing Chinese corporations to commit
human rights abuses with impunity. Sata also indicted Banda’s government for
tolerating corruption and not doing enough to ensure that more Zambians share
in the wealth of the country's copper reserves. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the 2008 special elections Sata took
a strong anti-Chinese line. This year he toned down his rhetoric. Nevertheless,
Sata’s win is thought to have been propelled by the resonance of his rhetoric
with the youth and unemployed in urban areas and the copper belt who feel they
have not benefited from Zambia’s growing economy. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">On Monday, September 26, Zambia's
newly-elected President Michael Sata warned Chinese investors to respect the
country's labor laws. "Your investment should benefit Zambia and your
people need to adhere to local laws," Sata told Chinese ambassador Zhou
Yuxiao, who paid a visit to the new president at State House. "If they adhere to local laws, there
will be no need to point fingers at each other," Sata said.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sata’s harsh criticism of foreign
investors has led some to fear renegotiation of mining contracts or the withdrawal
of foreign investors. However, this analysis doesn’t calculate the financial
clout of Chinese, Australian and South African mining and investment interests
and how irresistible such is to any Zambian political leadership. “Political
capital is expended far faster than its financial counterpart.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sata has promised to fight corruption,
“our fight against corruption will go beyond rhetoric and pious hope.
Corruption is morally unacceptable and those charged with the responsibility of
looking after our resources should guard it jealously.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">As one writer said, “anything is
possible in Zambia, bearing in mind the adage that where there’s a will, you
must pay.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Part II will address the historical
and current relations between African Americans and Zambia. </span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1594308574081254999#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a> Established
in 1983, China Nonferrous Metal Industry (NFC) is a Chinese-based transnational
corporation that extracts minerals, installs and supplies mining equipment, and
has contracting projects in more than twenty countries. </div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-28719070807254638302011-09-24T15:59:00.000-07:002011-09-24T16:01:42.705-07:00Coalition Politics of the ANC and the US Civil Rights Movement<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">As I navigate through the ANC
political behavior and organizational maze my brain consistently attempts to
make order out of chaos. I often end up
shaking my head repeating “makes me want to holler, through up both my hands!” </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(A
future blog is ANC and chaos theory.)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
order for me, an African American, to wrap my brain around the chaos of the ANC
I need a historical frame of reference familiar my gray matter. Ergo a comparison of the US Civil Rights Movement
to the ANC. Because both entities are so misperceived my brain gravitated to
this analogy. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
main misconception many African Americans have of the ANC is that is a united
party. Wrong! Just as many South Africans perceive the Civil Rights Movement as
a unified movement. Wrong! </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Disclaimer</span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">First,
let me state the disclaimers to this analogy:</span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
ANC structurally evolved to a opposition political party</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
CRM was always a social movement and never a political party</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
CRM’s mission was not to take over or overthrow the US government. We wanted to
secure the civil rights of African Americans (and other minorities) as
guaranteed by the US Constitution. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The ANC, representing the majority of South
Africans, wanted to govern South Africa and, via its military arm, Umkhonto We
Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), was dedicated to bringing down the apartheid
regime by “any means necessary.” <i> </i> (By the way, Umkhonot We Sizwe (MK) was banned
in 1961 by both the South African and United States governments as a terrorist
organization) </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 38.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Analogy: Coalition
Politics</span> </span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Coalition politics dominated the ANC
and the CRM’s formation and history. The informal and formal structure of each
organization may be analyzed in the way disparate political groups coalesce. That
is, each independent organization joined the ANC or CRM coalition with collective
AND individual agendas, missions, goals, strategies and tactics. Depending on the political power of the independent
organizations within the coalition these internal contradictions would influenced,
and sometimes determined the direction of the entire coalition. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ANC</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">During the creation of the famous 1955
“Freedom Charter” the ANC was at the time an umbrella organization (the essence
of coalition politics). The Charter conference in Kliptown Soweto consisted of the
following organizations:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">African National Congress (ANC)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">South African Communist Party (SACP)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">South African Congress of Democrats
(COD)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Coloured People's Congress (CPC)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">South African Indian Congress (SAIC)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Federation of South African Women</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">True to a
political “umbrella,” or coalition structure, the organization was full of
internal individualist and collective political struggles. The conflict between
the “Africanists” the “Charterist” exploded into violence. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">In 1959 the Africanists split from the ANC
over the issue of the Freedom Charter and Oliver Tambo's 1958 rewriting of the
ANC Constitution, founding the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
maneuverings of the SACP within the coalition is legendary. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The ANC Youth
League (ANCYL), lead by Nelson Mandela, eventually rejected the non military
option of the ANC and champion arm struggle. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CRM</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Now African Americans think back to
the politics, personalities and leadership of the CRM’s “Big Six” at the height
of the movement. Using the famous 1963 “March on Washington” as our frame of
reference, the following organizations and individuals were leaders of the
March:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Roy
Wilkins and NAACP, </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Martin
Luther King and SCLC, </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">James
Foreman and CORE, </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">John
Lewis and SNCC, </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Whitney
Young and Urban League, </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A.
Philip Randolph and the Sleeping Car Porters (organized the March)</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">President Kennedy opposed the March until
he received promises from the leaders that “Negroes” would behave themselves in
the nation’s capital. True to coalition politics SNCC did not share in the cozy
relationship with the Kennedy Presidency. John Lewis wrote a speech expressing SNCC’s displeasure
with the regime’s civil rights policies. However, he was forced by the “conservative
wing” of the coalition (and the Catholic Archbishop) to moderate his speech. SNCC
eventually embraced “Black Power” and rejected nonviolence. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Coalition Politics:
Order Out of Chaos </span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The Civil Rights Movement has since disbanded
as a movement. However, the ANC is governing South Africa. As we observe the ANC and other Southern
African Politics, we will, where applicable, use coalition politics as a political
lens. </span></div>
Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1594308574081254999.post-13625872599549190412011-09-22T13:34:00.000-07:002011-10-02T21:41:00.384-07:00Introduction to Southern African Politics<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Diaspora musing:
observations from an African American political scientist.</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Southern African Politics is my observations of the political
behavior of South Africans in particular and Southern Africans in general. I
will also discuss the African American expatriate community in Southern Africa, our
relationship with the United States and our host state (s). </div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
I’m in South Africa on sabbatical from Morehouse College. I’ve
been here approximately one month. It is by happenstance that I arrived right
into the briar patch of Southern African political struggles. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Southern Africa is critical to understanding all of the African
continent and the role that Europe and the West play in African and developing
world politics. South Africa is the political-economic
linchpin in Southern Africa. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Here are some of the political items I will be observing and
writing on in the future: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span>The political battle between the ANC Executive Committee
and the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) leadership. The key political actors are
President Zuma, and Julius “Juju” Malema, President of the ANCYL.<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Julius Malema’s singing the liberation song “Shot
the Boer” and the social and political reaction here<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span>The ongoing violent explosions over the poor
quality and the poor delivery of municipal services in South Africa<span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span>President Zuma , the African Union and Libya</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>The large gap between the have and have-nots in
South Africa</li>
<li>The breadth and depth of corruption in the South
African public sector</li>
<li>The crisis of the last monarchy on the African
continent – Swaziland</li>
<li>The elections and their aftermath in Zambia<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>China’s political economy in Southern Africa<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Africa is the only continent that has so far
resisted a formal and permanent American military presence will Botswana be the
first<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bishop Tutu’s call for a “wealth tax” to be
imposed on all white South Africans and that members of President Jacob Zuma’s
cabinet to sell their “expensive cars” </li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">There is much to discuss and this just the beginning.
</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span>Dr. Hasan Crocketthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11371223175378448263noreply@blogger.com1